The existence of Cosmic Dust in the Universe

The existence of Cosmic Dust in the Universe | New

Cosmic dust was also recycled by the universe. The resulting cosmic star dust then blown by the solar wind from the stellar explosion. Dust was then recycled in interstellar space and forming gas clouds / nebula which can then again be the star formed. For the cosmic dust
Astronomers are very disturbing particles, because of its absorbing light can obscure the view of the observation process object in the sky. Because it is absorbing light, he then emits infrared rays with a particular telescope can be captured and analyzed. One advanced telescopes that can see infrared waves emitted cosmic dust is Herschel telescope. The telescope is able to see the cosmic dust with a temperature between -173 s / d -265 degrees Celsius.

SN2010jl supernova, Supernova At least I've found

SN2010jl supernova, Supernova At least I've found | New

  Observations made with NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, provides new evidence that the shock wave generated by the supernova is able to penetrate a collection of gas around a star that exploded. This discovery may help astronomers know the why some explosions

supernova supernova stronger than others.

On 3 November 2010, a supernova was found in galaxy UGC 5189A, located 160 million light-years from Earth with TODD data from the All Sky Automated Survey Telescope in Hawaii.

Composite image of UGC 5189A shows X-ray data in purple and optical data from Hubble telekop in red, green, and blue. SN 2010jl is the top of the galactic X-ray light is very bright.

Quoted from spacedaily.com, Tuesday (22/05/2012), The research team used NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory to observe this supernova in December 2010 and October 2011. This supernova is one of the brightest supernova of other supernova ever detected by X-rays.

With optical light, SN 2010jl 10 times brighter than other types of supernova that resulted from the explosion of massive stars. And it goes into the brightest supernova group that is currently known by the optical survey. Different explanations proposed to explain the supernova energy including supernova blast wave interaction with matter density around the star will explode. Radioactive resulting from instability of the supernova (dipisu by the conversion of gamma rays into particle and anti-anti-particle), and the emission from the core of the star with a strong magnetic field which is not unusual.

Data retrieved from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory shows that the X-rays from the supernova blast wave is absorbed by the surrounding gas collection. And collection of the gas comes from the star is still before he explodes.

Why Shape the Earth Circling the Sun's orbit elliptical?

Why Shape the Earth Circling the Sun's orbit elliptical? | New

Question:Why form trajectory / orbit of the Earth around the sun is elliptical ?

Answer:You have to distinguish between the gravitational vector field object trajectories in a gravitational field. In junior high schools were taught about uniformly accelerated motion and parabolic motion caused by the gravitational acceleration at the Earth's surface that are considered large and constant direction (down / negative y). In the free fall motion, object trajectories are straight lines, but the pace changed uniformly with constant acceleration, in this case the same as the acceleration of gravity. While the parabolic motion, such as cannonball trajectory, a constant horizontal velocity component, while the vertical velocity component is always reduced by negative g. This does not mean that the parabolic gravitational field, because as mentioned earlier, g is assumed constant downward direction / negative y-axis.In the above subjects are usually taken several assumptions as follows:1. Surface soil / ground is considered straight and flat, located on the x axis in the Cartesian coordinate.2. Positive y-axis is the upward direction, negative y-axis down, ignored the z axis.3. Magnitude and direction of the acceleration of gravity is constant at all points in the coordinate, with the downward direction.4. Force of air friction is negligible.The consequences of the above assumptions, the object will parabolic trajectory. At the turning point, object velocity component in the direction of the y-axis is equal to 0.In the case of planetary orbits, some of the above assumptions are not valid, especially the third assumption. Based on Newton's law of universal gravitation, the force of gravity acting on the two point masses is proportional to the mass of each object and inversely proportional to the square of the distance. Direction of gravitational force acting on the object are both headed to the central point of the total system mass. In the case of the solar system, the mass of the Sun dominates the total mass of the solar system, so that the direction of the force of gravity acting on the planets tend towards the center of mass of the Sun. Can be concluded that the Sun's gravity field spherical / spherical the direction toward the center of mass of the solar system, the field strength is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the center of mass of the solar system.If the trajectory of the planet's orbit is placed on the xy plane in Cartesian coordinates, the direction and magnitude of the acceleration experienced by the planet's gravity varies depending on its position relative to the Sun. With calculus can be shown that the gravitational field as it will produce a conic trajectory, which is usually elliptical or hyperbolic. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conic_section parabola and circle track is a special case.If you like computer animation program, you can create a simulated planetary orbits with gravitational acceleration corresponding Newton equation. Just enter the initial position and velocity, you will get a diagram of its orbit trajectory. In practice, the analysis of object movement under the influence of gravity is very difficult to do if the number of objects more than two at once. Therefore the solution is usually to use the brute force method, which calculates the gravitational pull is done by each object to other objects, and then calculate the change of pace and change of position in each timeframe, similar to that done by the animation program.

NASA satellite Hemisphere Take Photos At Night All Day

NASA satellite Hemisphere Take Photos At Night All Day | New

Approximately two-month satellite Suomi NPP Earth collecting photographs at night and it was made ​​possible with the instrument Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). VIIRS is capable of capturing and detect light using a filter to be able to take the light from the city lights, aurora, fire forest fire, light reflection moon and so on. But in some of the photos displayed, aurora light and fire forest fires have on the filter so it does not look and just focused on the appearance of the city lights only.

Suomi NPP satellite is a new satellite which was originally developed for meteorological activities to see clouds at night. This satellite Earth proved capable of producing images at night very well with higher resolution.

VIIRS is able to tell which light fires, aurora, city lights and so on with ease. Light sensor is very sensitive. The satellites orbit the earth twice a day at an altitude of 824 km (612 miles) above Earth's surface. And from outer space the Earth looks at night looks like a Black Marble (marble / black marble) beautiful.

Mars Asteroid Hit 200 Times a Year

Foto kawah baru sebagai hasil dari tabrakan meteor di Mars yang diambil oleh wahana HiRISE NASA. I

Mars Asteroid Hit 200 Times a Year | New

NASA recently revealed that the planet Mars was more frequently hit by asteroids and comets than previously thought. Mars was hit by asteroids many as 200 times each year. The average asteroid that hit the planet measuring 1-2 meters.

As a result of the many emerging asteroid impact craters on Mars recently. Average new crater measuring 3.9 meters. NASA spacecraft Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) has found 245 new large crater in recent years. "It's very interesting because we can immediately know as soon as the crater formed," said Ingrid Daubar researchers from the University of Arizona. "It reminds us that Mars is an active planet, and we can see the process that happened today," he added.

Mars is often hit by asteroids because the Martian atmosphere is thinner than Earth.

It Able Star Forming Galaxies Hundreds of Times Faster than the Milky Way

Galaksi SDSS J1506 +54. Image credit: NASA

It Able Star Forming Galaxies Hundreds of Times Faster than the Milky Way | New

Astronomers recently managed to find a galaxy that turns into gas that is around the stars. This unique galaxy burn the gas to reach the level of 100 percent combustion efficiency. Astronomers found the galaxies after making observations through the IRAMPlateau de Bure interferometer in the French Alps, NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) telescope Hubble and NASA."The galaxy gas burning engines similar to gas-powered cars and galaxies that have a" machine "highly efficient gas" said Jim Geach from McGill University as the lead author of the study in the journal of astrophysics. "This galaxy is like a sports car, the difference between a galaxy's gas change at the level of change in the most efficient," he added.Galaxy named SDSS J1506 +54 was discovered when astronomers looking at the survey data generated by the WISE infrared and infrared galaxies have so obviously that is equivalent to a thousand billion times our sun. "Because WISE was able to observe the entire sky, the galaxy is seen very clearly from other objects," said Ned Wright of UCLA as the principal investigator of WISE."These galaxies formed their stars hundreds of times faster than our Milky Way galaxy and it is the most extreme star formation," said Jim Geach. Astronomers using the IRAM Plateau de ure instrument interferometer to measure the amount of gas available in the galaxy. The result is detected the light waves of carbon monoxide as an indicator of the presence of hydrogen gas is the fuel of stars.Of these data with the data then astronomers menggabungkannnya WISE and Iram (to measure the mass of gas) and the astronomers were able to get a measure of the efficiency of star formation. The results show that afisiensinya reached the maximum theoretical known as the Eddington limit. Appropriate areas of new star formation, then the nearby gas clouds collapse due to gravity.When the gas condenses and have the power to push the atoms to trigger nuclear fusion reactions, the new stars will be born and at the same time the wind and radiation of new stars that can prevent the formation of new stars other by pressing the gas around it to prevent collapse clouds and larger gas.Eddington limit is the limit of the point where the force of gravity pulls gas simultaneously balanced with the amount of pressure coming out of the star. If it exceeds the Eddington limit wan gas will explode and the star formation process will be stalled. "We see the gas flowing out of the galaxy is millions of miles per hour and gas is likely driven by the strong radiation of the stars that were there," said Ryan Hickox, astrophysicist Dortmouth College, Hanover.It causes a galaxy SDSS J1506 +54 is remarkable is its ability to produce very fast star and galaxy evolution period is also very short Yag possibility tersbuet galaxy is a merger of the two different galaxies. An estimated ten million years longer tersbeut galaxy will run out of gas and will turn into a large elliptical galaxy.

Gemini Observatory Use New Technique for Orion Bullets Photos

Foto baru Peluru Orion yang diambil oleh Gemini Observatory dengan menggunakan GeMS pada 28 Desember 2012.

Gemini Observatory Use New Technique for Orion Bullets Photos | New

Team of the Gemini Observatory successfully developed a technique for image object space. This time the object of shooting them is part of the Orion nebula called "Bullet Orion" (Orion Bullets).

Orion Nebula itself is a nebula that can be seen even with the naked eye. That's because the distance is relatively close to the Earth which is about 24 light-years away in the constellation Orion. Recent photos developed by researchers at the Gemini Observatory is the result of the development of image retrieval method previously called Altair. Altair is one of the instruments at the Gemini Observatory in 2007 and it used to take a photo of "Bullet Orion".

Benoit Neichel as the scientist who led the development of methods and systems of the Gemini Observatory said it was busy for a few years with the development of a new system that is possible to be able to take pictures of the sky objects more clearly. The new system called GEMS.

The result on 28 December, 3 days before the new year Gemini Observatory Bullets managed to photograph the nebula with stunning results. Her picture was 2.5 times and 16 times finer details.

To see the difference Orion Bullets photo taken in 2007 to 2012, you can see below:

Perbedaan foto yang diambil dengan Altair (2007 sebelah kiri) dengan yang diambil GeMS (2012 sebelah kanan) terlihat hasil jepretan GeMS lebih baik dan lebih jelas.

ESA Herschel Telescope recognize Owned

Teleskop Herschel.

ESA Herschel Telescope recognize Owned | New

Herschel telescope which is also known as the Herschel Space Observatory is a large telescope made ​​and operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) which aimed to observe the process of the formation of galaxies in the universe, the evolution of galaxies, star formation and the interaction between

stars, the chemical composition of the atmosphere and the solar system, including planets, comets, and the moon, and to know the chemical composition of molecules in the universe. Herschel telescope was launched into space on May 14, 2009 from the Guiana Space Centre, France using the Ariane 5 ECA rocket.

Herschel telescope weighs 3,300 kg (3.3 tons) and is equipped with a giant mirror of 3.5 meters that is sensitive to infrared light and wave submilimeter (55-672 m). The telescope was placed at a distance of 1.5 million km from Earth.

Prinsip kerja cermin raksasa dan detektor pada teleskop Herschel. Image credit: caltech.edu

The telescope is named after Herschel as a tribute to the discoverer Sir William Herschel infrared spectrum and planet Uranus. Herschel telescope is able to see the object space with the coldest temperatures in the area covered by the cosmic dust though. This telescope is able to collect light from the objects in the solar system that are billions of galaxies even light years from Earth. Light collected by the giant mirror was then focused on the three detectors were stored at a temperature of -271 degrees Celsius. The detector is cooled by as much as 2,300 liters of helium. So it is that determines the helium operational lifetime of the Herschel telescope. If helium is exhausted then the Herschel telescope mission ends

Right on 29 April 2013, Helium as coolant Herschel telescope detectors in the telescope out and stop operating. ESA engineers decided to put it in orbit the Sun.

During operation, telekop Herschel has done at least approximately 35 thousand scientific observations and collecting more than 25 thousand hours of scientific data. The success of such missions successfully determine cause of it by water on planet Jupiter which was caused by the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 in 1994, managed to find galaxies HFLS3 and other successful series of observations.

Currently ESA is preparing the next generation of the Herschel telescope SPICA.

Create admire Hubble Telescope: Extreme Deep Field

Create admire Hubble Telescope: Extreme Deep Field | New

Hubble space telescope could arguably be one of the best telescopes belong to the human race to date. Photos of the beauty of the universe objects taken using this telescope often make us wonder. One of them is a photo called Extreme Deep Field or abbreviated

XDF.Hubble XDF is a photo of a tiny spot in the sky that its contents about 5,500 galaxies. Its location is the center of the photograph Hubble Ultra Deep Field in the constellation Fornax, a small constellation in the southern sky near the constellation Eridanus and Cetus. XDF is created thanks to the Hubble telescope performance for 10 years, a total observation time of 50 days, 2 million second exposure time (exposure time), and 2,000 photos combined.

Hubble XDF (Source: hubblesite.org)

In the photos XDF, almost all the points that are visible are a galaxy. Ranging from spiral galaxies like the Milky Way and Andromeda, until the red galaxies in which there is no more the process of star birth. The characteristics of object in the photo is a point that has the 6 pillars of light into a corner, for example, are objects in the right-middle-bottom.

According to the news release accompanying the photo on September 25, 2012 and it recorded the most distant galaxies in the XDF is 13.2 billion light years. Because of the age of the universe (based on the latest research) is 13.7 billion years old, then the galaxy is about 450 million years old. Compare with the Sun and the solar system 4.5 billion years old.

XDF comparison and Moon (Source: hubblesite.org)Before Hubble telescope began operation in the early 1990s, we could only see galaxies as far as 7 billion light-years away. Earth-based observations is limited by the presence of the atmosphere, which just passed the visual light and radio waves from space to the Earth's surface. Hubble telescope was finally able to widen the distance limitations to be almost 2-fold. But the next few years we will probably enjoy more spectacular photo again from James Webb Space Telescope.James Webb Space Telescope, scheduled for launch in 2018, will be directed to the same point with the XDF. Because sensitive in the infrared wavelength region, this telescope will be able to record a galaxy that is located further away from the existing XDF. It's interesting to wait.This article has been discussed in dadc twitter account some time ago:

    - Goodnight twips. dadc want to discuss one of the best photos from hubble telescope ya. called extreme deep field # xdf

    - Hubble # xdf is a photo of a tiny spot in the sky about 5500 galaxies contents!

    - The farthest galaxies in photo # xdf it is 13.2 billion light years. whereas the age of the universe is 13.7 mtc!

    - So galaxies are visible in photo # xdf it only lasted for 450 million years, since the formation of the universe / big bang

    - Wonder how can the hubble take some photo # xdf which contains galaxies as far and as weak as that? gini how:

    - Hubble focus to a single point in the sky is dark. photograph at that point the data recorded for 10 years.

    - In total, hubble spent 50 days and get the exposure time / exposure time of 2 million seconds!

    - And there are more than 2,000 photos were combined to produce # xdf

    - Let ga curious, see first picture # xdf http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/37/image/a/format/web_print/

    - In the photo, all the points are galaxies! except with a rounded point spike in the bottom-right, it is a star # xdf

    - Before # this xdf, hubble ultra deep field has photo # HUDF and hubble deep field. # Xdf is a central part of the # HUDF

    - A few more years there will probably be a more sophisticated picture, with better depth # xdf

    - James webb telescope sensitive in the infrared region will be directed also to # xdf order to see the much fainter galaxies again

    - If the current # xdf wrote already cool, the telescope captured jw definitely cool again later. worth the wait!

Download Software Stellarium Updated Free

Download Software Stellarium Updated Free | New

Stellarium is a free open source planetarium for your computer. It shows a realistic sky in 3D, just like what you see with the naked eye, binoculars or a telescope.
It is being used in planetarium projectors. Just set your coordinates and go.


Feature :

sky

• default catalogue of over 600,000 stars
• extra catalogues with more than 210 million stars
• asterisms and illustrations of the constellations
• constellations for 15 different cultures
• images of nebulae (full Messier catalogue)
• realistic Milky Way
• very realistic atmosphere, sunrise and sunset
• the planets and their satellites

interface

• a powerful zoom
• time control
• multilingual interface
• fisheye projection for planetarium domes
• spheric mirror projection for your own low-cost dome
• all new graphical interface and extensive keyboard control
• telescope control

visualisation

• equatorial and azimuthal grids
• star twinkling
• shooting stars
• eclipse simulation
• supernovae simulation
• skinnable landscapes, now with spheric panorama projection

customizability

• plugin system adding artifical satellites, ocular simulation, telescope configuration and more
• ability to add new solar system objects from online resources...
• add your own deep sky objects, landscapes, constellation images, scripts...

ScreenShoot :

DOWNLOAD >> IN HERE ( Win 32 bit )

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Achieving Voyager Outer Limits of the Solar System

 

Achieving Voyager Solar System Outer Limits | New

  Spacecraft Voyager 1, launched in 1977 to explore the planets that exist beyond the asteroid belt, like Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, has now passed a new area on its way out of the Solar System.


It is revealed from two changes in environmental conditions are very different space and interconnected, which is detected by the vehicle at a location that is more than 18 billion miles from Earth on August 25, 2012.

Voyager 1 satellite captures a drastic change in the levels of radiation, where the radiation comes from the environment in the solar system and the other came from interstellar space.

Bill Webber, astronomer at New Mexico State University in Mexico, said that the heliosphere, Voyager 1 detects particles that exist in the solar system decreased less than 1 percent of the previously detected. While interstellar space radiation increased almost two-fold.

However, researchers have stated that Voyager 1 was already in interstellar space, a space in space are no longer influenced by the effects of the sun.

Edward Stone, a researcher involved in the Voyager project, said, still needed additional evidence indicating Voyager has left the solar system.

"Changes in the magnetic field direction is an important indicator to indicate that the last Voyager 1 has reached interstellar space. Until now it has not been observed change in direction, "he explained.

Researchers suspect that Voyager 1 is now likely to be in the border area between the heliosphere and interstellar space that has never been known before.

"This vehicle is outside the heliosphere," said Webber, who told Reuters on Wednesday (20/03/2013). "Everything that we measure is different and interesting," he added.

In December, Voyager has reached an area called the magnetic highway, where the magnetic field from the Sun's magnetic field is connected with another of interstellar space.

"We believe that this is the last step of our journey toward interstellar space. This is expected in a few months or a few years into the future, "said Stone.

Quadrantids Meteor Showers

Quadrantids Meteor Rain | New

  Quadrantids meteor shower is one of the best meteor showers of the year. The number of meteors reaches 100 pieces per hour. Origin of this meteor shower radiant is near the constellation Bootes, which is located in the northern hemisphere sky.

Slightly different from naming other meteor showers, meteor shower is named after the constellation that is now no longer exists. Constellation in question is quadran muralist. Constellation discovered by J. Lalande in 1795 is located near the tail of Ursa Major, in between Bootes and Draco. This constellation mural quadrant shows the tool, which is used to determine the position of celestial bodies.

Rasi quadran muralist (Source: www.pa.msu.edu)

This meteor shower occurs in the first week of January, with the peak being on January 3. Bootes constellation will rise about 2 o'clock in the morning, so this will be a meteor shower can be seen better around 3, after the direction radiannya already quite high in the eastern sky.

Observing the Quadrantids meteor shower (Source: science.nasa.gov)

The meteor shower was first observed in 1825. But his position at the far north causing this meteor shower often can not be observed properly. Because in January, the northern hemisphere experiencing winter, so the sky is not too friendly. In addition, because the peak of the meteor shower only lasted about 2 hours.

In contrast to most other meteor showers, meteor material origin is not known with certainty. The presumption is that the source of comet meteor shower has been destroyed long ago.

Aurora and Quadrantids meteors (Source: APOD)

5 Most Bright Galaxies Viewed from Earth

5 Most Bright Galaxies Viewed from Earth | Apparent magnitude (apparent magnitude) of a star, planet, galaxy or other celestial bodies is the measurement of the brightness or brightness that appears, ie the amount of light received from the object. Terms of magnitude as the scale of brightness appeared over 2000 years ago.

Due to the amount of light received depends on the thickness of the atmosphere in the line of observation to the object, then the visible magnitude is normalized to a value that is the value that will be held outside the atmosphere. Increasingly dim an object, the higher the magnitude seems. Keep in mind that the look is not the same brightness with the brightness of the fact - an extremely bright object may appear quite dim if the object is far enough.

The following are 5 brightest galaxies visible from Earth:

5. Galaxies Centaurus A

Centaurus A (also known as NGC 5128 or Caldwell 77) is |
prominent galaxy in the constellation Centaurus.Jarak this galaxy about 10-16 million years cahaya.Magnitudo this galaxy looked around 7.84.

4. Triangulum galaxy

Triangulum Galaxy (also known as M33 and the Pinwheel Galaxy) is a galaxy located in the constellation Triangulum small Triangulum.Galaksi has a diameter of about 50,000 light-years and a distance of about 3 million light years from this Bumi.Galaksi Apparent magnitude around 6:27.

3. Andromeda galaxy

Andromeda Galaxy (also known as M31 or NGC 224 is one of the galaxies outside the Milky Way that can be seen without the use of tools, as long as seen on a clear night, with no moon and no light pollution. Structure is similar to the Milky Way is a spiral-shaped . distance is about 2.5 million light years. located in the sky is in the northern hemisphere sky, about 41 degrees north of the celestial equator, both observed around September, October, November and are in the Andromeda constellation.

Without tools, this galaxy looks like a little haze in the northern sky, but when observed with binoculars can reveal dim star at the edge of the Andromeda galaxy, Andromeda turns out size can be more than 7 times the diameter of the corner of months. This galaxy contains about one trillion stars, and moving toward the Milky Way at a speed of about 300 km / detik.Magnitudo this galaxy looks around 4:36

2. Small Magellanic Cloud (Small Magellanic Cloud)

Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) is a kerdil.Memiliki galaxy about 7,000 light-years in diameter and contains several hundred million stars and a total mass of about 7 billion times the mass of a Matahari.SMC kita.Galaksi satellite galaxies of the Milky Way has a distance of about 200,000 light-years from Apparent magnitude earth and has approximately 2.70

1. Large Magellanic Cloud (Large Magellanic Cloud)

Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is an irregular galaxy that is close to our galaxy and call scientists Sakti.Berada Way satellite galaxy at a distance of 50 kiloparsecs (≈ 160,000 light years), the LMC is the third closest galaxy of the Milky Way after the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal (~ 16 kiloparsecs) and Canis major Dwarf Galaxy (~ 12.9 kiloparsecs). LMC has a mass equivalent to about 10 billion times the mass of the Sun (1010 solar masses), so that approximately 1/100 as large as the Milky Way, and a diameter of about 14,000 light years (~ 4.3 kpc). LMC has Apparent magnitude around 0.91